The Lipid Library

Literature survey - HPLC Separation of Molecular Species of Phospholipids

HPLC in the reversed-phase mode has largely supplanted TLC methods for the separation of molecular species of phospholipids. It is possible to separate intact phospholipids by this means, or many analysts favour converting phospholipids to diacylglycerols and thence to UV-absorbing derivatives prior to separation. I recommend the following review article especially.

• Bell,M.V. Separations of molecular species of phospholipids by high-performance liquid chromatography. in Advances in Lipid Methodology - Four, pp. 45-82 (edited by W.W. Christie, Oily Press, Dundee) (1997).

The following references were collected as part of our regular literature reviews for our own research purposes. We cannot claim to have covered the subject exhaustively, but we have done our best. References are listed alphabetically by the first author of a paper, but not necessarily chronologically by that author. They cover the years 1990 to the present. You may also wish to consult our literature survey of gas chromatographic methods for analysis of molecular species of phospholipids (Gas chromatography of diacylglycerol derivatives (derived from phospholipids)).

• Abidi,S.L. Separation procedures for phosphatidylserines. J. Chromatogr. B, 717, 279-293 (1998).
• Abidi,S.L. HPLC of phosphatidic acids and related polar lipids. J. Chromatogr. A, 587, 193-203 (1991).
• Abidi,S.L. and Mounts,T.L. HPLC separation of molecular species of neutral phospholipids. J. Chromatogr. A, 598, 209-218 (1992).
• Abidi,S.L. and Mounts,T.L. Reversed-phase separations of nitrogenous phospholipids on an octadecanoyl poly(vinyl alcohol) phase. J. Chromatogr. A, 773, 93-101 (1997).
• Abidi,S.L. and Mounts,T.L. Separation of molecular species of phosphatidylserine by reversed-phase ion-pair HPLC. J. Liqu. Chromatogr., 15, 2487-2502 (1992).
• Abidi,S.L. and Mounts,T.L. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of molecular species of phospholipid derivatives. J. Chromatogr. A, 741, 213-222 (1996).
• Abidi,S.L. and Mounts,T.L. Separations of molecular species of phosphatidic acid by high-performance liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A, 694, 365-373 (1995).
• Abidi,S.L. and Mounts,T.L. Reversed-phase separations of subcomponents of minor soybean phospholipids, glycerol esters of phosphatidic acids. J. Chromatogr. Sci., 31, 231-236 (1993).
• Abidi,S.L. and Mounts,T.L. Reversed-phase retention behaviour of fluorescence-labelled phospholipids in ammonium acetate buffers. J. Liqu. Chromatogr., 17, 105-122 (1994).
• Abidi,S.L. and Mounts,T.L. High-performance liquid chromatography of phosphatidic acid. J. Chromatogr. B, 671, 281-297 (1995).
• Abidi,S.L., Mounts,T.L. and Rennick,K.A. Reversed-phase ion-pair HPLC of phosphatidylinositols. J. Liqu. Chromatogr., 14, 573-588 (1991).
• Abidi,S.L., Mounts,T.L. and Rennick,K.A. Reversed-phase HPLC of phospholipids with fluorescence detection. J. Chromatogr. A, 639, 175-184 (1993).
• Adlof,R.O. Fractionation of egg and soybean phosphatidylcholines by silver resin chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A, 538, 469-473 (1991).
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• Alvarez,J.G., Slomovic,B. and Ludmir,J. Analysis of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine in amniotic fluid by high-performance liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. B, 690, 338-342 (1997).
• Amari,J.V., Brown,P.R., Pivarnik,P.E., Sehgal,R.K. and Turcotte,J.G. Isolation of experimental anti-AIDS glycerophospholipids by micro-preparative reversed-phase HPLC. J. Chromatogr. A, 590, 153-161 (1992).
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• Bang,D.Y., Kang,D.J. and Moon,M.H. Nanoflow liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the characterization of intact phosphatidylcholines from soybean, bovine brain, and liver. J. Chromatogr. A, 1104, 222-229 (2006).
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• Bell,M.V. Separations of molecular species of phospholipids by high-performance liquid chromatography. In: Advances in Lipid Methodology - Four, pp. 45-82 (edited by W.W. Christie, Oily Press, Dundee) (1997).
• Bell,M.V. and Dick,J.R. Molecular species composition of phosphatidylinositol from the brain, retina, liver and muscle of cod (Gadus morhua). Lipids, 25, 691-694 (1990).
• Bell, M.V. and Dick,J.R. Molecular species composition of the major diacyl glycerophospholipids from muscle, liver, retina and brain of cod (Gadus morhua). Lipids, 26, 565-573 (1991).
• Bell,M.V. and Dick,J.R. 1-O-Alkyl-1'-enyl-2-acyl-glycerophosphoethanolamine content and molecular species composition of fish. Lipids, 28, 19-22 (1993).
• Bell,M.V., Dick,J.R. and Buda,Cs. Molecular speciation of fish sperm phospholipids: large amounts of dipolyunsaturated phosphatidylserine. Lipids, 32, 1085-1091 (1997).
• Bergqvist,M. and Kuksis,A. Liquid chromatography with on-line electrospray mass spectrometry of oxidized diphosphatidylglycerol. In: 'New Techniques and Applications in Lipid Analysis', pp. 81-99 (edited by R.E. McDonald and M.M. Mossoba, AOCS Press, Champaign) (1997).
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• Bernstrom,K., Kayganich,K., Murphy,R.C. and Fitzpatrick,F.A. Incorporation and distribution of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids into cellular phospholipids. J. Biol. Chem., 267, 3686-3690 (1992).
• Blank,M.L., Cress,E.A., Fitzgerald,V. and Snyder,F. TLC and HPLC separation of glycerolipid subclasses as benzoates. Derivatives of ether and ester analogues of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and platelet activating factor. J. Chromatogr. A, 508, 382-385 (1990).
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• Bonanno,L.M., Denizot,B.A., Tchoreloff,P.C., Puisieux,F. and Cardot,P.J. Determination of phospholipids from pulmonary surfactant using an on-line coupled silica/reversed-phase HPLC system. Anal. Chem., 64, 371-379 (1992).
• Booker,M.L., LaMorte,W.W., Ahrendt,S.A., Lillemoe,K.D. and Pitt,H.A. Distribution of phosphatidylcholine molecular species between mixed micelles and phospholipid-cholesterol vesicles in human gallbladder bile: dependence on acyl chain length and unsaturation. J. Lipid Res., 33, 1485-1492 (1992).
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• Butikofer,P., Zollinger,M. and Brodbeck,U. Alkylacyl glycerophosphoinositol in human and bovine erythrocytes. Molecular species composition and comparison with glycosyl-inositolphospholipid anchors of erythrocyte acetylcholinesterases. Eur. J. Biochem., 208, 677-683 (1992).
• Butovich,I.A., Uchiyama,E., Di Pascuale,M.A. and McCulley,J.P. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of lipids present in human meibomian gland secretions. Lipids, 42, 765-776 (2007).
• Byrdwell,W.C. Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry for analysis of lipids. Lipids, 36, 327-346 (2001).
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• Byrdwell,W.C. and Borchman,D. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric characterization of sphingomyelin and dihydrosphingomyelin of human lens membranes. Ophthalmic Res., 29, 191-206 (1997).
• Byrdwell,W.C. and Perry,R.H. Liquid chromatography with dual parallel mass spectrometry and P-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for analysis of sphingomyelin and dihydrosphingomyelin - II. Bovine milk sphingolipids. J. Chromatogr. A, 1146, 164-185 (2007).
• Cagniant,D. Argentation chromatography - applications to the determination of olefins, lipids, and heteroatomic compounds. In: 'Complexation Chromatography', pp. 149-195 (edited by D. Cagniant, Marcel Dekker, New York) (1992).
• Cantafora,A. and Masella,R. Improved determination of individual molecular species of phosphatidylcholine in biological samples by HPLC with internal standards. J. Chromatogr. A, 593, 139-146 (1992).
• Cantafora,A., Cardelli,M. and Masella,R. Separation and determination of molecular species of phosphatidylcholines in biological samples by HPLC. J. Chromatogr. A, 507, 339-349 (1990).
• Careri,M., Dieci,M., Mangia,A., Manini,P. and Raffaelli,A. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of phospholipids in soybean products using particle-beam and ionspray interfaces. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 10, 707-714 (1996).
• Carrier,A., Parent,J. and Dupuis,S. Quantitation and characterization of phospholipids in pharmaceutical formulations by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A, 876, 97-109 (2000).
• Chen,S. Partial characterization of the molecular species of phosphatidylserine from human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography and fast-atom-bombardment mass-spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. B, 661, 1-5 (1994).
• Chen,S. and Claeys,M. Characterization of omega-3-docosahexaenoic acid-containing molecular species of phospholipids in rainbow trout liver. J. Agric. Food Chem., 44, 3120-3125 (1996).
• Chen,S. and Li,K.W. Negative-ion liquid secondary-ion mass spectrometry and tandem-mass spectrometric analysis of the molecular-species of aminophospholipids as 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl derivatives. Anal. Chim. Acta, 326, 127-140 (1996).
• Chen,S. and Li,K.W. Mass spectrometric identification of molecular species of phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidycholine extracted from shark liver. J. Agric. Food Chem., 55, 9670-9677 (2007).
• Chen,S., Carvey,P.M. and Li,K.W. Characterization of the molecular species of phosphatidylethanolamine from kidney of the fresh water snail Lymneae stagnalis by mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 13, 2416-2423 (1999).
• Chen,S., Curcuruto,O., Catinella,S., Traldi,P. and Menon,G. Characterization of the molecular species of glycerophospholipids from rabbit kidney: an alternative approach to the determination of fatty acyl chain position by negative ion fast atom bombarment combined with mass-analysed ion kinetic energy analysis. Biol. Mass Spectrom., 21, 655-666 (1992).
• Chen,S., Kirschner,G. and Traldi,P. Positive FAB-MS analysis of the molecular species of glycerophosphatidylserine. Anal. Biochem., 191, 100-105 (1990).
• Chen,S., Menon,G. and Traldi,P. Identification of aminophospholipid stereomers by positive-ion fast atom bombardment combined with collisional activation mass-analyzed ion kinetic energy analysis and HPLC. Org. Mass Spectrom., 27, 215-218 (1992).
• Chicha,A., Demandre,C., Justin,A.M. and Mazliak,P. The molecular species of phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositolphosphate present in the coleoptiles and the first leaves of maize (Zea mays L). Comptes Rend. Acad. Sci. III., 317, 419-423 (1994).
• Chilton,F.H. Separation and characterization of arachidonate-containing phospholipids. Methods Enzymol., 187, 157-167 (1990).
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• Christie,W.W. Detectors for high-performance liquid chromatography of lipids with special reference to evaporative light-scattering detection. In: 'Advances in Lipid Methodology - One' (edited by W.W. Christie, Oily Press, Ayr), pp. 239-271 (1992).
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• Cserhati,C. and Szogyi,M. Anomalous retention behaviour of some synthetic phospholipids in reversed phase chromatography J. High Resolut. Chromatogr., 15, 277-278 (1992).
• DaTorre,S.D. and Creer,M.H. Differential turnover of polyunsaturated fatty acids in plasmalogen and diacylglycerophospholipids of isolated cardiac myocytes. J. Lipid Res., 32, 1159-1172 (1991).
• DeLong,C.J., Baker,P.R.S., Samuel,M., Cu,Z. and Thomas,M.J. Molecular species composition of rat liver phospholipids by ESI-MS/MS: the effect of chromatography. J. Lipid Res., 42, 1959-1968 (2001).
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• Dobson,G. and Deighton,N. Analysis of phospholipid molecular species by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation mass spectrometry of diacylglycerol nicotinates. Chem. Phys. Lipids, 111, 1-17 (2001).
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• Dragani,L.K., Berrie,C.P., Corda,D. and Rotilio,D. Analysis of glycerophosphoinositol by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry using a beta-cyclodextrin-bonded column. J. Chromatogr. B, 802, 283-289 (2004).
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• Fang,J.S. and Barcelona,M.J. Structural determination and quantitative analysis of bacterial phospholipids using liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J. Microb. Methods, 33, 23-35 (1998).
• Felouati,B.-E., Pageaux,J.-F., Fayard,J.-M., Lagarde,M. and Laugier,C. Estradiol-induced changes in the composition of phospholipid classes of quail oviduct - specific replacement of arachidonic acid by docosahexaenoic acid in alkenylacyl-glycerophosphoethanolamine. Biochem. J., 301, 361-366 (1994).
• Fitzgerald,V., Blank,M.L. and Snyder,F. Molecular species of sphingomyelin in sphingomyelinase-sensitive and sphingomyelinase-resistant pools of HL-60 cells. Lipids, 30, 805-809 (1995).
• Ford,D.A. and Gross,D.W. The discordant rates of sn-1 aliphatic chain and polar head group incorporation into plasmalogen molecular species demonstrate the fundamental importance of polar head group remodeling in plasmalogen biosynthesis in rabbit myocardium. Biochemistry, 33, 1216-1222 (1994).
• Frey,B., Haupt,R., Alms,S., Holzmann,G., Konig,T., Kern,H., Kox,W., Rustow,B. and Schlame,M. Increase in fragmented phosphatidylcholine in blood plasma by oxidative stress. J. Lipid Res., 41, 1145-1153 (2000).
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• Holmback,J., Karlsson,A.A. and Arnoldsson,K.C. Characterization of N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine and acylphosphatidylglycerol in oats. Lipids, 36, 153-165 (2001).
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• Hvattum,E., Larsen,A., Uran,S., Michelsen,P.M. and Skotland,T. Specific detection and quantification of palmitoyl-stearoyl-phosphatidylserine in human blood using normal-phase liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. B, 716, 47-56 (1998).
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